Pentru a determina tensiunea arterială cu un tensiometru mecanic trebuie măsurate două valori:
– tensiunea arterială sistolică (superioară). Aceasta se formează la contractarea inimii şi pomparea sângelui în vasele sangvine. T
– tensiunea arterială diastolică (inferioară). Apare la relaxarea miocardului, când se umple din nou cu sânge. Valorile de măsurare a tensiunii arteriale sunt exprimate în mmHg (mm coloană de mercur).
Efectuarea măsurătorii:
• Măsurarea se va efectua în stare de repaus în poziţie şezut. Dacă tensiunea arterială este mai ridicată pe braţul stâng, aceasta va fi determinată pe braţul stâng. Dacă tensiunea arterială este mai ridicată pe braţul drept, determinarea se va efectua pe braţul drept.
• Braţul gol se întinde pe masă sau pe mânerul scaunului şi se îndoaie uşor
• Aplicarea manşetei: Aplicaţi manşeta deschisă pe braţul stâng până când marginea inferioară a manşetei se află la aproximativ 2-3 cm deasupra cotului. Manşeta trebuie aplicată astfel încât marcajul să fie poziţionat pe artera brahială.
• Fixaţi manometrul cu mâna dreaptă în jurul mingii elastice, cu poziţionarea degetului mare şi a arătătorului pe şurubul ventilului. (la echipamentele cu ventil cu buton: degetul mare pe buton)
• Închideţi ventilul (rotire la dreapta, respectiv pompare puternică la echipamentele cu ventil cu buton) şi umflaţi manşeta monitorizând permanent manometrul. Pompaţi până când indicatorul depăşeşte tensiunea arterială sistolică normală cu aproximativ 30 mmHg.
• Deschideţi ventilul cu degetul mare şi arătătorul (rotire la stânga, respectiv la echipamentele cu ventil cu buton: Deschidere printr-o uşoară acţionare a butonului cu degetul mare) doar puţin şi monitorizaţi scăderea treptată de presiune la nivelul manometrului
• Rata de scădere a presiunii în limita dintre sistolă şi diastolă trebuie să fie de 2 – 3 mmHg per secundă, ceea ce înseamnă că, până când indicatorul coboară la nivelul scalei de la 150 la 100, trebuie să treacă aproximativ 20 până la 25 de secunde.
• Identificaţi zgomotele descrise în cele ce urmează cu ajutorul stetoscopului dumneavoastră (integrat în manşetă sau stetoscop individual):
• La primul zgomot arterial clar (pocnet) în stetoscop, citiţi de pe scala manometrului tensiunea arterială sistolică (superioară).
• La ultimul zgomot arterial perceptibil, este indicată tensiunea arterială diastolică (inferioară).
• După ce aţi citit tensiunile arteriale, deschideţi larg şurubul ventilului (rotire la stânga, respectiv apăsare completă a butonului), pentru a permite aerisirea rapidă şi completă a manşetei.
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